​AP经济公式总结以及高频考点整理 看完这些你一定能够顺利度过5月大考

5月大考已经近在咫尺了，这里给同学们整理了一些AP经济公式总结以及一些复习要点，同学们在复习的时候千万不能忽略了这些知识点。

Unit1

Comparative advantage = Lower opportunity cost

Absolute advantage = Efficiency 

Specialization = Trade 

Productive efficiency: P=minATC

Allocative efficiency: P=MC

Opportunity cost= Explicit cost + Implicit cost

Optimal consumption rule (Utility Maximizing rule):

Unit2

%Change in quantity demanded=

%Change in price=

PED/PES=

Midpoint method=

Total Revenue= P*Q

XED=

XED>0 A&B substitutes;XED<0 complements

YED=

YED>0 normal good; YED<0 inferior good

Elasticity & Tax:

PED=∞ / PES=0, Producers pay all the tax

PED=0 / PES=∞, Consumers pay all the tax

PED=PES, Both pay the same tax amount

PED>1 / 0<PES<1, Producers pay most of the tax

0<PED<1, PES>1, Consumers pay most of the tax

Per-unit tax, variable cost change, MC change, ATC change, AVC change

Lump-sum tax, Fixed cost change, ATC change, AFC change

Price ceiling < Equilibrium price, shortages

Price floor > Equilibrium price, Surplus

Deadweight loss: the forgone value between Q(equilibrium) and Q(final)

Unit3

MPL=

Total cost= Total variable cost+ Total fixed cost= ATC*Q

MC=

ATC=TC/Q

AFT=FC/Q

AVC=VC/Q

MR=

Profit-maximizing quantity: MR=MC

Economies of scale: output ↗️, LRATC↘️，2inputs=4outputs

Constant economies of scale: output ↗️, LRATC——, 2inputs=2outputs

Diseconomies of scale: output ↗️, LRATC↗️, 2inputs=1output

Accounting profit= TR- Explicit cost

Economic profit= TR-Explicit cost- Implicit cost

EP>0, positive EP

EP=0, normal EP, break-even, AP>0

EP<0, negative EP

Perfectly competitive market:

Positive economic profit or negative economic profit in the short run

Allocative efficiency: in the long run, normal profit

D=MR=AR=P

Unit4

Monopoly

D>MR

P>MC deadweight loss

D elastic, P↘️ TR↗️

D inelastic, P↗️ TR↗️

MR=0 TR maximizing

Perfect price discrimination: D=MR, no DWL, allocative efficiency, multiple price

Monopolistic competitive market:

D>MR

P>MC deadweight loss 

P>ATC / P<ATC in the short run

P=ATC in the long run, normal economic profit=0

Excess capacity: Qfinal<QminATC

Oligopoly

Interdependent 

Game theory

Dominant strategy

Nash equilibrium

Unit5

Derive demand

MRPL= MPL*Price

Competitive labor market

Wage taker, MRC=S

Profit maximizing: MRPL(D)=MRC(S)

Monopsony

MFC>S, wage < MFC

Cost-minimizing input combination:

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点击

AP经济学机会成本概念讲解 想学会经济和会计利润就要先弄懂这个知识点

AP经济怎么复习 这篇真题分析报告请收好

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