托福阅读分数如何进阶 搞懂这几种逻辑因果关系是首要事情

逻辑关系常常出现在托福阅读中，很多同学们都在询问我们托福阅读分数如何进阶？其实只要弄懂托福阅读中的逻辑关系，分数自然上来。

托福阅读分数如何进阶-弄懂托福阅读中的逻辑关系

因果关系

因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of,with果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus,consequently, accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

隐性因果：

A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support,push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants sothat many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

在这段话中，有lead to, 表示了导致的意思，即结果; 而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, beresponsive to, be attributable to如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing theprocess.”

在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

C 反映，体现(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, showThis result demonstrates that…中华考试网D 考虑到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according toHe succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.

E 依赖于: rely on, depend on, resort to,

He resorted to books when he had problems.

F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long asAs soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

G 分词短语，不定式做状语

对比转折关系

A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand在解释句子题，插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学员在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 可以用来把握句间关系。

B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however第三种比较关系

A 同级比较 as…as

B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…thanC 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop,progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remainD 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…toE 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over

1)本身有含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high3) 否定+比较=

否定关系

显性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither隐形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。

双重否定：not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。

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