11月份的IB经济考试即将来临,同学们在临考之前都做了预测题了吗?下面我们来给大家分享一些IB经济考题,同学们快来做预测题了。
由于疫情影响,11月份大考预测题型相对5月考试应该并无过多变化,paper1的复习重点仍在巩固Micro和Macro的核心考题上。同时,还可以留意下经济paper1&paper2的出题趋势变化。
例如:
留意具备正外部效应的公共品,例如疫苗、医疗体系等,注意区别两者之间的差异;
留意通货膨胀,结合当前各国政策对于经济恢复政策手段来考察;
留意贫富差距与收入分配问题,可能会结合宏观&微观经济学、国际贸易等知识点,考察政策对贫富差距或者不同收入群体的差异化影响与解决方案;
贸易战依旧是考察热点,例如区域性的贸易合作与贸易保护现象,考察全球性问题的合作解决机制(环境问题、碳排放等)。
此外,这些细节的变更对于经济考生们可能也是不小的挑战:
Paper 1 在评分标准上,更加注重考生对于实际案例现象的理解及分析。
Paper 2 与宏观微观结合考察更为频繁。
Paper 3 难度整体有所进阶,并且有考察冷门考点的趋势,建议考生重新回顾考纲,查漏补缺。
微观经济
3道常规核心题+1道趋势预测题
核心题1:
Evaluate the view that the most effective way in which the government can discourage the consumption of demerit goods is through government regulations.
此题型为IB经济考试中常见的变形题目,相信大家都不陌生了。解题的核心思路应该是从Market failure出发,结合Government regulation来评价后果。
解题框架
A. 分析为何题目/举例中的经济现象符合经济学范式。对应定义和举例来分析,结合图形来补充容易被忽略的中间逻辑。例如:香烟为什么具有外部性——图形解释——政府干预动机
B. 找到或者设立一个正面观点的回应,或者使用图形解释。
C. Evaluation:微观三板斧,从以下三个方面总结:
① 政府本身的局限性:
税收本身的局限,例如DWL,可以从居民征收税收有机会成本入手;
政策执行成本与难度;
政策的不确定性,可以从对于MSB=MSC的均衡点、税收对于消费减少影响等角度来判断;
过度干预市场形成黑市;
政府效率低,腐败的税收政策无法运用于改善social benefit
② 不同的主体分析:从消费者、生产者、政府、社会等等角度出发。
③ 其他措施:利用其他政策的优劣势分析,顺应之前答题的逻辑,进行题目总结。
核心题2:
Examine the role of barriers to entry in making monopoly a less desirable market structure than perfect competition.
核心考点:Monopoly 与 perfect competition 的对比,讨论完美竞争是比垄断更可取的市场结构。
解题技巧:当出现 Monopoly 需要思考 Competition ,反之出现 Competition时思考 Monopoly 与 Natural monopoly。
核心题3:
Discuss the significance of price elasticity of demand(PED) for a government imposing an indirect tax on a good.
核心考点:PED对于政府、厂商而言是否涨价,针对PED运用进行评估。
变形:PES, XED, YED。
趋势预测题:Discuss the view that the overuse ofcommon access resources is bestaddressed by government.
参照微观经济X题型的答题框架解答,注意回应common access resource的特殊性。
扩展:public goods , 例如评价由政府直接提供公共品?
宏观经济
3道常规核心题+1道趋势预测题
核心题1:
Discuss the view that interventionist supply-sidepolicies are the most effective way for a government to achieve economic growth.
该题型考点为政府干预对于宏观经济目标实现的评价,难点在于讨论“are the most effective way ?”
同学们可以从措施替换来探讨,如Supply-side ( market base interventionist ),Demand side ( fiscal , monetary ) , 或者其中具体举措替代;
也可以从目标(问题)替换入手,宏观经济的核心目标有economics growth , low and stable inflation rate,low Unemployment,inequity,poverty等。
解题框架
A. 说明案例(解释在现实生活中题目中对应的经济现象)为何符合某一经济学范式(模型、框架)。
B. 正面观点回应,结合图形解释。
C. 总结评估,三板斧:
① 政府本身的局限性(宏观经济目标的联动性,与凯恩斯三阶段);
② 同侧的政策对比;
③ 与对面的政策对比(例如与AD政策对比,引出结论)。
核心题2:
Using the monetarist/new classical model and the Keynesian model, discuss the view that increases in aggregate demand will inevitably be inflationary. (HL)
变形:
Examine why, in contrast to the monetarist/new classical model,the economy will not automatically return to the full employment level of output in the Keynesian model. (HL)
Discuss the view that an economy will always return to the full employment equilibrium level of output in the long run. (SL)
解题框架
A.说明案例(解释在现实生活中题目中对应的经济现象)为何符合某一经济学范式(模型、框架)。
B.正面观点回应,结合图形解释:
a. New classical model , AD ^ ---- price level ^ inflation 。
b. Keysesian model , phase 2, 3 , AD^ ; price leve;, inflation rate ^。
C.总结评估:
a. New classical LRAS ^ 则不一定。
b. Keysesian model , phase 1。
核心题3:
To what extent is the use of national income statistics an effective way of comparingthe standard of living between countries ?(SL)
变形:
Discuss the view that, apart from indicating economic growth rates over time, national income statistics are of little use. (HL)
Discuss the view that the consequences of economic growth are always beneficial. (SL)
难点: 反倒是正面评价,例如 GDP per capita 指标使用的有效性。
趋势预测题:
根据考纲改革,可能会加强对于贫富差距问题的考察趋势。
核心考点: 讨论发展与公平的辩证关系 、 不同类型的失业(例如科技发展带来 structural unemployment)等。
Discuss the view that economic growth can only be achieved at the expense of other macroeconomic objectives such as a low and stable rate of inflation and equity in the distribution of income. (SL )
Discuss the view that economic growth always leads to a more equal distribution of income and a reduction in unemployment.( HL )
Discuss the view that perfect competition is a more desirable market structure than monopoly. HL Evaluate government policies to deal with the different types of unemployment.( HL)
Evaluate the impact on efficiency in the allocation of resources when the government uses taxation to promote equity.
Explain how an economic recession can lead to an increase in absolute poverty.
十分题
十分题考法相对简单,是对知识点的直接考察,难点也基本以被之前重点题目涵盖,但是有些考点容易被同学们忽略,导致失分。
总结几个出现频率较高的考点
微观经济学
1.基本demand-supply理论考察,结合均衡点的形成,D,S 变动,price control 考察。
Explain the impact of a price floor on market outcomes. Explain how the price mechanism reallocates resources when there is an increase in demand for a good or service.
Explain two factors that would lead to an increase in the demand for a product.
2.弹性的基本概念,及其影响因素。
Explain how the price elasticity of demand for a good might be affected by the number and closeness of substitutes.
Explain two reasons why the demand for primary commodities might be price inelastic.
Explain how the value of the cross price elasticity of demand (XED) for a particular good is determined by its relationship to other goods.
3.Economies of scale
Explain how two types of economies of scale can lead to a fall in long-run average costs.
Explain two factors that might give rise to economies of scale for a firm.
4.PPC
Using a production possibilities curve (PPC) diagram, explain why choices have to be made in all economies.
宏观经济学
1. circular flow model 的运用leakage and injections
Explain the impact that a cut in taxation and an increase in government spending might have on the circular flow of income. Explain how an increase in leakages can affect the size of the circular flow of income.
2. 基本 AD-AS 模型的变动分析
Explain the possible impact of an increase in wealth and consumer confidence on aggregate demand.
3. Keynesian multiplier
Using the concept of the multiplier, explain how an increase in investment might affect aggregate demand.
Explain the effect an increase in investment might have on real gross domestic product (GDP) using the Keynesian multiplier
4.Unemployment
Explain why measuring unemployment in a country is difficult.
Explain why structural unemployment might occur in an economy.
Explain the cause of cyclical (demand-deficient) unemployment.
IB经济考试,特别是Paper 1,时间是非常紧的,所有人都写得飞快,很少有时间思考,因此非常考验前期的学习功力。如果你不知道怎么学好灵活的经济科目,可以点击预约试听【IB同步培训班】——
点击
IB经济和IB商业管理哪个好拿分?专业不同选课也是有偏好的哦!
查看。
学习有方法,成长看得见
筑梦牛剑/G5/常春藤