IB生物专业术语分享来了 考前的你还不来背单词

马上就要到IB大考了，本期给大家分享了一波IB生物专业术语，考前还在辛苦复习的Iber们可要提前会背，认识这些专业不好懂得术语了！

IB生物专业术语

Topic 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Organelle

Electron Microscopy

Membrane Proteins

Phospholipid Bilayer 

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active-transport 

Mitosis 

Cytokinesis 

Cell Cycles 

Cancer

Differentiation 

Stem Cells 

Binary Fission 

Cytoplasm 

Nucleoid 

70s, 80s  Ribosome 

Pili

Lysosome

Golgi Apparatus 

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Vesicles And Vacuoles

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast 

Cell Membrane 

Cell Wall

Interphase

G1 Phase

G2 Phase

S Phase

Oncogene

Metastasis

Carcinogen 

Topic 2

Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharide 

Lipids

Cholesterol 

Amino Acids 

Polypeptide 

DNA Replication 

Transcription 

Translation 

Cell Respiration 

Photosynthesis 

Chromatography

Hydrolysis

Anabolism

Catabolism

Monomer

Hydrogen Bond

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Cohesion

Adhesion

Sucrose

Glucose

Galactose

Fructose

Cellulose

Glycogen

Starch

Steroids

Saturated

Unsaturated

Cis Unsaturated 

Trans Unsaturated 

BMI

Denaturation 

Topic 3&4

Chromosomes 

Karyograms

Meiosis

Genetic variation 

Autosome

Genetic diseases 

Sex-linkage 

Co-dominance 

Mutation 

Gene

Allele

Gene Sequencing 

DNA profiling 

Genetic modification 

Cloning 

Cystic fibrosis

Huntington's disease 

Monohybrid cross

Species 

Population 

Community 

Ecosystem 

Abiotic environment 

Intraspecific interaction 

Interspecific competition 

Symbiotic relationship 

Parasite 

Food chain/food web

Trophic level 

Producer/consumer/Decomposer 

Detritivore / Saprotrophs 

Autotrophs / Heterotrophs 

Carbon cycle

Carbon flux diagram

Greenhouse effect 

Deforestation

Topic 5

Heritable Characteristics 

Variation 

Natural Selection 

Sexual Reproduction 

Random Mutation 

Evolution  

Fossil Record

Radioactive Aging

Ratio Of Carbon Isotopes 

Selective Breeding

Artificial Selection 

Homologous Structures 

Pentadactyl Limbs 

Continuous Variation

Discontinuous Variation 

Competitive Advantage 

Adaptive Radiation 

Vertical Transmission 

Horizontal Transmission 

Multiple Resistance 

MRSA 

Binomial Naming System 

Bryophyta

Coniferophyte

Coniferophyte

Porifera

Cnidaria 

Platyhelminthes

Annelida

Mollusca

Arthropoda

Chordata

Dichotomous Key 

Clade/Cladograms 

Topic 6

Central Nervous System (CNS) 

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Synapses 

Sensory Neurons 

Motor Neurons 

Interneurons 

Resting potential

Action Potential

Depolarization 

Hyperpolarization

Repolarization 

Homeostasis 

Positive Feedback/Negative Feedback

Insulin/Glucagon

Islets Of Langerhans 

Diabetes(type I/Type II)

Hormones

Thyroxin

Leptin

Melatonin

Gametogenesis 

Testosterone 

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 

Estrogen 

Progesterone 

Topic 7

DNA gyrase

Helicase

DNA primase

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Leading strand

Lagging strand

Non-coding sequence

Telomere

Nucleosome

VNTR

Splicing

Intron

Promoter

Transcription factor

Polysome

Free ribosome

Bounded ribosome

DNA methylation

Histone acetylation

Codon

Anticodon

A/P/E site

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

Activation energy

Competitive inhibitor

Non-competitive inhibitor

End-product inhibition

Topic 8

Glycolysis

Phosphorylation

Link reaction

Krebs cycle

NADH

FADH2

Decarboxylation

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron transport chain

Electron carrier

Chemiosmosis

Intermembrane space

Proton gradient

ATP synthase

Light reaction

Photosystem

Thylakoid

NADPH

Calvin cycle

RuBP

Rubisco

Lollipop apparatus

Topic 9&10

Transpiration

Potometer

Xerophyte

Xylem

Phloem

Translocation

Phototropism

Pollination

Fertilisation

Mutualism

Germination

Phytochrome

Independent assortment

Dihybrid cross

Epistasis

Synapsis

Chiasmata

Bivalent

Non-sister chromatids

Gene linkage

Chi-squared test

Continuous variation

Dis-continuous variation

Directional selection

Stabilizing selection

Disruptive selection

Reproductive isolation

Topic 11

Antigen

Plasma cell

Memory cell

Helper T cell

Histamine

Vaccination

Monoclonal antibody

Sarcomere

I/A/H band

Troponin

Tropomyosin

Cross bridge

Antagonistic muscle

Osmoregulation

Glomerulus

Ultrafiltration

Podocytes

Selective reabsorption

ADH

Dialysis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatocyte

Sertoli cell

Acrosome reaction

Oogenesis

Corpus luteum

Cortical reaction

Menstrual cycle

Blastocyst

hCG

Oxytocin

Umbilical cord

Placenta

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