Alevel宏观经济真题以及常考概念分享 考前就看这些题来急救吧

马上就到Alevel大考的时间了，同学们的复习进度都怎么样了，面对即将到来的Alevel经济考试，我们给大家带来了一些Alevel宏观经济真题和概念，希望大家都能考的更好。

解析：

在经济下行时期的量化宽松政策的失败体现了货币传导机制在某些方面的不足以及货币政策的全面失效。

段：解释quantitative easing;economic recession;monetary transmissions mechanisms和monetary policy。

在写完段的时候，其实我们以及找到了量化宽松政策、货币传导机制和货币政策的关系。也就是在理想情况下，政府从金融机构手中购买政府债券并释放资金给到金融机构，增加货币供给（QE），当货币供给（money supply）增加以后,市场利率就会降低，投资水平会应声而增，AD向右移动（monetary policy），最终导致收入、就业和GDP的增加。

第二段：QE、monetary transmissions和monetary policy的关联。

接下来我们就得根据问题给出的环境进行分析了，recession的含义是连续6个月GDP下降，原因有可能是supply-side shock或者是demand-side shock。

第三段：用AD-AS模型画出供给端震荡的图像（AS向左移动），并写出可能导致其发生的原因；导致物价水平上升，收入下降，失业上升。

一个成功的QE会使得AD向右移动，使得收入和就业率增加，但是物价会进一步增加，货币购买力进一步下降，人们的生活质量不一定就得到进阶。（application+analysis）

第四段：用AD-AS模型画出需求端震荡的图像（AD向左移动），并写出可能导致其发生的原因；导致物价水平下降，收入下降，失业上升。

一个成功的QE会使得AD向右移动，但是是否能移回到之前的水平是存在疑问的。（application+analysis）

第五段：evaluation-主要讨论如果QE对于进阶就业，增加收入和进阶人们的生活水平效果不明显的话，是否是由于货币传导机制较弱或者是货币政策行不通。

这里不得不提的就是流动性陷阱（liquidity trap）。如果经济体的市场利率已经很低了，那么通过QE降低市场利率从而增加AD的机制就会受到阻碍，使得其无法达到效果。

第六段：在recession期间QE行不通可能是因为市场利率已经很低了，那么进一步降低利率，无法增加人们消费和投资的动力。

这道题目考察的是哪一种进出口商品价格变化组合会导致TOT数值下降，根据我们之前的分析，TOT数值下降有两种情况导致：

1. 出口商品价格相对进口商品价格下降

2. 进口商品价格相对出口商品上升
因此这道题选择A

这是一道计算题，2010年进口商品价格相比2005年增加了25%， 2010年TOT值为120，求出口价格的变化。（题目分析：只需带入公式计算即可）
假设2010年的 Index of exports为X，我们代入公式为：

X的值为150%，我们可以的出结论，Exports的价格增加了50%，因此，正确答案为：D

Alevel宏观经济考试部分概念

Actual GDP Growth: Actual GDP growth is the growth in real GDP that currently occurs.

Aggregate Demand: Aggregate demand (AD) is the total amount of expenditure on goods and services in an economy.

Aggregate Supply: Aggregate supply is the total amount of supply of goods and services in an economy.

Balance of Payments: The balance of payments (BoP) is a record of all external financial transactions between one economy and the rest of the world.

Boom: A boom occurs if there is a major and rapid increase in real GDP.

Business Cycles: Business cycles are the pattern of booms and recessions in an economy over a period of time. Business cycles are the fluctuation of real GDP around the long-term trend growth rate.

Circular Flow of Income: A model of the economy that shows how households sell their labour to firms for an income and then use this income to buy goods and services produced by firms.

Claimant Count: A measure of unemployment, anyone claiming unemployment benefit is defined as unemployed by the claimant count.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): The CPI is a measure of inflation. The CPI is a price index of a weighted basket of goods and services that the average household buys.

Consumption: Consumption is total consumer expenditure on durables, non-durables and services.

Contractionary Fiscal Policy: A contractionary fiscal policy means so AD falls. Multiplier effects make AD fall further. AD shifts left so inflation falls and real GDP falls.

Cost-Push Inflation: Cost-push inflation occurs when LRAS shifts left because resource prices rise or wages rise, firms’ costs rise and their prices rise.

Credit Crunch: A situation where banks and other financial institutions decrease their lending or stop lending altogether.

Crowding In: An increase in government spending causes an increase in private investment (maybe the government invests in the infrastructure which encourages private firms to invest).

Crowding Out: An increase in government spending causes a decrease in private investment (maybe the government uses resources that private firms would have used).

Current Account: A record of an economy’s international trade in goods, services, investment income and transfers.

Deflation: Deflation is a fall in the average price level over a given time period.

Demand-Deficient Unemployment: AD is insufficient for all workers to be employed.

Demand-Pull Inflation: Demand-pull inflation occurs when AD rises, spare capacity falls, resources begin to run out so firms’ costs rise and prices rise.

Direct Tax: Taxes on consumers’ income (income tax) or firms’ profits (corporation tax).

有关ALEVEL宏观经济的完整概念梳理就到这里，可以不用来回翻教科书啦。不过复习光有概念还不行，因为考试局的考纲变化非常频繁，很可能会出现考纲、考法和教科书内容出现不匹配的情况。如果你还不知道如何根据新考纲变化调整复习策略，点击预约试听【唯寻ALEVEL同步培训班】——

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9个Alevel宏观经济学考点讲解 想学好宏观经济就一定要吃透Indicator和Policy

Alevel宏观经济学简答题回答思路整理 所剩不多的复习时间要这么规划

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