很多初次接触AP计算机的小伙伴都不太了解AP计算机科学怎么考,下面我们就详细地讲下计算机A 3大题型的出题方法。
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计算机科学是偏重于实践性的编程,注重考查代码在多态,继承等在算法上的具体实现,以及数据结构与算法,如链式结构,栈,堆等,因此需要专门学习一门计算机语言(java)。
AP计算机科学有选择题和简答题两大题型——
选择题
包括单选题和以单选的形式完成的多选。貌似简单的选择,却包含了考察基本功的扎实以及一些微妙的易错陷阱题,比如重载和重写、接口和抽象等容易混淆的概念考查等。
选择题还包含运行程序和计算结果,要求对给定的代码段预测运行结果,或者判断其运行时的异常情况等。代码段有可能比较长,所以需要一定的训练和准备。
简答题(Free Response)
Free Response,需要用笔作答,按题目要求写出代码。一道大题包含三四个部分,计分是相对独立的,所以对其中一道小题缺乏把握的时候,也不要放弃其他的小题。
近年常见的 FR 题型,包括给出一个已知的数据结构,要求填补完成其中的一些基本操作,如查询、删除和统计等,而线性表则几乎是每年必考的内容。
看完AP计算机科学怎么考,我们再看看具体的考点分布。
1. Introductory Java Language Features
Package And Classes 类和包
public class FirstProg // file name is FirstProg.java { public static type1 method1 (parameter list) {} public static type2 method2 (parameter list) {} ...... public static void main (String[] args) {} }
All java methods must be contained in a class; all program statement must be placed in a method
The class that contains the main method does not contain many additional methods.
reserved words (Keywords): class, public, static, void, main.
public: the class or method is usable outside of the class
static: methods that will not access any objects of a class. The main method must always be static.
Types And Identifiers 标识符和类型
Identifiers 标识符
Identifier: name for a variable, parameter, constant, user-defined method, user-defined class
cannot begin with a digit
Lowercase: for variables and methods
Uppercase: separate into multiple words e.g getName, findSurfaceArea
a class name starts with a capitol letter
Built-in Types 内置类型
int - 整数 boolean - true or false double - 小数
Storage of Numbers 数值储存
Integers 整数 binary Integer.MAX_VALUE == 2^31-1 Integer.MIN_VALUE == - 2^31 Floating-Point Numbers 浮点数 float & double
sign * mantissa * 2^exponent
round-off error - when floating-point numbers are converted into binary, most cannot be represented exactly
e.g 0.1*26 ≠ 0.1+0.1......(26 terms)
NaN"not a number" - undefined number
Hexadecimal Numbers 十六进制数
conversion between hex and binary 5 hex = 0101 bin F hex = 1111 bin 5F hex = 01011111 bin
Final Variable Final变量
user-defined constant
keyword final
e.g. final double TAX_RATE = 0.08;
final variable can be declared without initializing it immediately, but can only be given just once
array bound
final int MAXSTUDENTS = 25;
int [] classList = new Int[MAXSTUDENTS];
Operators 运算符
Arithmetic Operators 算数运算符
+ addition - subtraction * multiplication /devision %mod(remainder)
Relational Operators 关系运算符
== equal to != not equal to > greater than < less than >= greater or equal to <= less than or equal to
Relational Operators can only be used in comparison of primitive types.
User defined types : equals, compareTo methods
floating-point should not be compared directly using relational operators.
Logical Operators 逻辑运算符
! NOT && AND || OR Short-circuit evaluation evaluated from left to right evaluation automatically stops as soon as the value of the entire expression is known
Assignment Operators 赋值运算符
Compound assignment operators : = += -= *= /= %=
Increment and Decrement Operator 递增递减运算符
++ --
Operator Precedence 运算符的优先级
!, ++ , -- right to left
* , / , % left to right + , - left to right <,>, <=,>= left to right == , != left to right && || =, +=, -+, *=, /=, %= right to left
Input/Output 输入输出
Escape sequences 转义字符
\n newline \" double quot \\ backslash
Control Structures 控制结构
Decision-Making Control Structures 条件结构
if...
if...else...
nested if
extended if (if...elseif...)
Iteration 循环结构
for loop
for (initialization; termination condition; update statement)
The termination condition is tested at the top of the loop
the update statement is performed at the bottom
loop variable should not have its value changed inside the loop body
the scope of the loop variable can be restricted to the loop body by combining the loop variable declaration with the initialization.
for-each loop
for (SomeType element : collection)
cannot be used to replace or remove elements
hides the index variable that is used with array
while loop
while (boolean test)
AP计算机科学怎么考已介绍完毕。计算机A每个章节都是会考到的,因此复习的时候大家要尽量事无巨细。如果不知道怎么合理安排复习时间,可以点击预约试听【AP复习冲刺班】——
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除了AP计算机科学怎么考,你还可以看↓
入门AP计算机科学A知识点与词汇梳理
理想分基本功可不能忽视
学习有方法,成长看得见
筑梦牛剑/G5/常春藤