ALEVEL物理知识点分享资料：quantum physics

量子物理与核子物理是A非常重要的ALEVEL物理知识点，本文就来分享一下相关概念的整理，非常适合在新课学习前用来预习一下。

ALEVEL物理考试形式

A-level物理能让大学广泛的理工科专业对你开放。工程、医学、法医学、天文学、宇宙学、电子学、电力、金融... …其他很多专业的申请，都非常重视物理科目。

ALevel物理学习涉及到的知识点与国内的物理学习相比范围也更广，而且紧跟物理学的前沿发展成果，其中包括了力学、材料学、波、电学、光学、电磁场、粒子物理、核物理、天体物理等内容。

【ALEVEL物理考试形式】

AS的时候物理需要考Paper1、2、3，A2的时候需要考Paper 4、5。Paper 1是选择题，Paper2、4是大题，Paper 3、5是实验题。相对来说，paper2比较困难，因为题目的灵活性比较强，而且需要背的定义概念比较多。

整套卷子用时一个小时，满分是60分。每一道大题的问基本都是定义题，所以一定要背熟每一个定义。定义题之后一般是计算题或者是解释题。

ALEVEL物理知识点整理

quantum physics and nuclear physics

01 the definition of key vocabularies.

Particle model: objects that are hard, have mass and move about according to laws of Newtonian mechanics

Wave model: shaped like a sine graph, do not have mass or charge. Their defining characteristics are diffraction and interference

Photoelectric effect: when an electromagnetic radiation of sufficiently high frequency falls on a metal surface, electrons are emitted and the emitted electrons are called photoelectrons

Photoelectric current: current due to photoelectrons

Photon: each quantum (particle) of electromagnetic radiation

Work function: minimum amount of energy required by an electron to escape its surface

Matter wave: a moving particle of matter of momentum will have an associated wave of wavelengthwhere

Under normal conditions, an atom is in its ground state where it posses the minimum possible energy

Transition: shifting of electrons between energy levels

Mass defect : the difference between the total mass of the individual, separate nucleons and the mass of the nucleus

Binding energy : the minimum external energy required to separate all the neutrons and protons of a nucleus. It is also the energy released when the nucleus is assembled from its constituent nucleons

-Binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus is the ratio of the total binding energy to its nucleon number

Fission: process in which a massive nucleus splits to form two smaller fragments-Fusion: process by which two very light nuclei join together to form a heavier nucleus

Random: impossible to predict and each nucleus has the same probability of decaying per unit time

Spontaneous: not affected by external factors such as the presence of other nuclei, temperature and pressure

The activity  of a radioactive sample is the rate at which nuclei decay or disintegrate

The decay constant  is the probability that an individual nucleus will decay per unit time interval

The half life of a radioactive is the mean time taken for half of the active nuclei in a sample to decay

02 ALEVEL物理知识点：Key rules

Laws of Photoelectric Emission:

• 1st Law: number of photoelectrons emitted per second is directly proportional to intensity of incident radiation

•  2nd Law: max kinetic energy of photoelectrons is directly proportional to the frequency of the incident radiation but independent of its intensity

• 3rd Law: for every metal, there is a minimum frequency of incident radiation below which photoelectric emission does not take place; threshold frequency

•  Threshold frequency: minimum frequency required to release electrons from the surface of a metal

03 important formula needed to do calculation

量子物理与核子物理相关ALEVEL物理知识点就理到这里。想学好物理，既需要数学等理科的思维逻辑，又需要文科学习的记忆方法，想拿到A*并非容易。如果还不知道怎么应对下半年的考试，可以点击预约试听【ALEVEL同步培训班】——

涵盖CAIE、EDX、AQA、OCR、WJEC

等众多考试局和15+选课科目

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更多ALEVEL学习攻略点击

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