AS心理学概念分享 你真的理解这些概念吗

在Alevel心理学中，同学们将会学到很多的概念，因此同学们在学习的时候就要注意了，对于概念的透彻理解。下面来分享一些AS心理学概念，赶紧来透彻理解。

AS论题包括:

• 心理学在日常生活中的应用
  

• 个体和环境因素的解释
  

• 先天和后天因素
  

• 儿童实验对象在心理学实验中的使用
  

• 心理学实验对动物的使用

两年Alevel的完整课程，专业选修单元在第一年AS课程基础上探究心理学在一系列场景下的应用。学员会选择以下4个领域中的两个学习: 精神病理学,消费行为学，心理健康和组织行为学。

ALevel专业选修单元在AS学过的内容的基础上增加以下论题内容:

• 文化偏差
  

• 还原论
  

• 心理测量学
  

• 心理决定论
  

• 纵向研究

无论AS Level还是Alevel课程都会会提供给学员广泛的心理学知识和心理学家设计和分析实验的方法。

AS心理学概念

experiment

an investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an independent variable is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable. 

independent variable

the factor under investigation in an expenment which is manipulated to create two or more conditions (levels) and is expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable.

dependent variable

the factor in an experiment which is measured and is expected to change under the influence of the independent variable

laboratory experiment

a research method in which there i5s an V a DV and strict controisit looks for a causai relationship and is conducted in a setting that is not in the usual

environment for the participants with regard to the behaviour they are performing.

field experiment

an investigation looking fora causal relationship in which an independent variable is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the

dependent variable.it is conducted in the normal environment for the participants for the behaviour being investigated. 

natural experiment

an investigation looking for a causal relationship in which the independent variable cannot be directly manipulated by the experimenter. instead they

study the effect of an existing difference or change. Since the researcher cannot manipulate the levels of the V it is not a true experiment.

quasi-experiment

quasi means 'almost, and refers to the fact that these experiments often have lots of control over the procedure. but not over how participants are allocated to conditions within the study.

demand characteristics

features of the experimental situation which give away the aims, They can cause participants to try to change their behaviour, e.g. to match

their beliefs about what is supposed to happen, which reduces the validity of the study.

stooge

a person who appears to be another participant or someone not related to the study, but who is in fact working on behalf of the researcher. They are also sometimes known as 'confederates' and may be used to mislead real participants within the study.

confederate

someone who is playing a role in a piece of research and has been instructed as to how to behave by the researcher.

double blind technique

when both the participant and the researcher are unaware of which condition the participant is in to prevent demand characteristics and act as a control to improve the validity of any data collected.

naturalistic observation

a study conducted by watching the participants' behaviour in their normal environment without interference from the researchers in either the social or physical environment.

controlled observation 

a study conducted by watching the participants' behaviour in a situation in which the soctal or physical environment has been manipulated by the researchers. it can be conducted in either the participants mommal environment or in an artifical situation.

unstructured observation

a study in which the observer records the wnole range ot possible behaviours, which is usually confined to a pilot stage at the beginning of a study to reline the behavioural categories to be observed.

structured observation

a studyin which the observer records only a limited range of behaviours.

behavioural categoriest

the activities recorded in an observation. They should be operationalsed (Clearly delined) and should breaka continuous stream of activity into discrete recordable events. They must be observable actions rather than inferred states.

如果你是一名对心理学感兴趣的IG阶段学员，担心无法适应这门国际课程的学习，亦或是你是正在学习ALEVEL心理学，想复习冲A*，唯寻的ALEVEL培训课程都能帮到你（点击预约试听）。全面覆盖知识细节，系统搭建知识框架。

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Alevel心理学条件作用讲解 巴浦洛夫的狗实验还可以这样理解

Alevel心理学考试重点知识点解析 这样才能巩固复习

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