2019AP环境科学真题解析 参考答案、得分点、解题思路统统都有

本文将为大家分析2019年FR部分的AP环境科学真题，详细罗列了每道题的参考答案、得分点和解题思路。希望能帮助你找到AP环境科学复习的方向。

（点击阅读2019年AP经济真题解析）

AP环境科学考试介绍

环境科学是一门交叉国际课程，考试内容涉及到生物，化学, 地理, 经济学以及一部分人文国际课程（哲学，文学，社会学）的内容。

考试分为两个部分，部分（60%比重）是100道选择题，第二部分（40%比重）是4道主观题目，包含图表阐述、现象分析和简单的计算（无需计算器）。AP环境科学真题既会考验学员背功，还会考验对知识的灵活运用能力。

2019年AP环境科学真题解析

题

AP环境科学真题分析：

道题目仍旧是资料分析题目，大家需要读懂资料。这道题目考查的是考纲生态系统中栖息地的问题，还会涉及 land and water use 这一章节的 human activities and effect，同时给出相应的解决方案。

评分点及参考答案：

a.根据资料作答即可

(i) 具体的可以根据图表的图例来回答 unvegetated sand 或者也可以根据资料中红线划的部分来回答 open sandy beaches between sparsely vegetated sand dunes.

(ii) 分析数量的变化，从两张图片上很明显的看出数量的减少。Plovers prefer tonest and search for food on open sandy beaches between sparsely vegetated sanddunes.The number of piping plover nests decreased with the reduction of unvegetated sand area.

(iii) 分析原因明显图片上是  vegetated sand 增多，具体的可以答 agriculture、grazing 都是可以的。比如 The conversion of unvegetated sand to range land may increase the vegetated sand area, and the grassland is not the ideal habitat for piping plovers.

b.考查 coastal species

(i) 保护 plovers 的 restrictions,比如确定 certain area,nesting season 不允许人们进入、罚款等都是可以的。Identify and map the nesting area, erecting fences around the certain area to preserve these habitats, while increasing funding to restore these areas.

(ii) Barrier islands are low,narrow, sandy islands that form parallel to a coastline.They occur where the continental shelf is shallow and rivers or coastal currents provide a steady source of sediments. Grasses cover and protect dunes, which keep ocean waves from disturbing the bay.

(iii) 考查人类活动破坏栖息地，农业、商业建筑都可以。Real estate development directly threatens coastal habitats. Walking or driving vehicles over dune grass destroys the stabilizing vegetative coverand accelerates erosion. Cutting roads through the dunes further destabilizes these islands, making them increasingly vulnerable to storm damage.

c.

(i) 定义经济方面的影响，比如损失家园、工厂被淹没、失去工作机会。Rising sea level may flood lots of factories, and many people loss job opportunities.

(ii) 解决方案，比如建立屏障、或者搬迁。Building artificial barriers, such as groins or jetties, can trap migrating sand and build beaches in one area. Also, local government could relocate costal communities and rebuilt house, mostly at public expense.

第二题

 2. As conventional sources of crude oil are depleted, unconventional sources such as oil sands (also known as tar sands) are being utilized. Oils sands contain bitumen, which can be processed into a synthetic crude oil. A regionof boreal forest in Alberta, Canada, that covers a deposit of oil sands will be cut and removed during the processof bitumen extraction. It is estimated that the deposit contains 73 billion barrels of recoverable bitumen. The rateof extraction from the deposit will be approximately 1 million barrels of bitumen per day.

(a) Identify one ecological benefit, other than providing habitat, that is provided by forests.

(b) Identify one economic benefit that is provided by forests.

(c) Describe TWO environmental consequences, other than those related to the loss of boreal forest habitat,

 that result from the extraction of bitumen or the transportation of synthetic oil to customers.

(d) Assuming the above extraction rate, calculate how many days will be needed to extract the recoverable

 volume of bitumen from the oil sands.

(e) Calculate how many years will be needed to fully extract the recoverable volume of bitumen from the oil sands.

(f) Monthly production of synthetic crude oil is 30 million barrels. Producing one barrel-synthetic crude oil

uses two barrels of heated freshwater. Calculate the number of barrels of freshwater needed each year to supply this demand.

AP环境科学真题分析：

这是一道和能源相关的题目，通常 energy 的题目会有计算的部分，对于计算的部分注意单位，读懂条理关系，不要马虎错误就可以。另外这道题目还考察了 forest 的生态和经济功能，比较简单。

评分点及参考答案：

a 注意审题，other than 的题目，不要再回答 habitat 了。比如 nutrition，flood control，shade，很多。Forests produce oxygen by photosynthesis.

b 经济方面的好处，砍伐森林应该是最直接的，当然会可以有 ecotourism.One economic  benefit that is provided by forests is timber harvesting.

c 开采或者运输的环境影响，考察 pollution,结合的知识点是 mining and transportation.Oneenvironmental consequence that results from the extraction is water pollution.As water pours through the discarded rock containing hazardous substances such as lead and mercury, it picks up these toxic substances.The contaminated water makes its way into surface streams and rivers as well as groundwater. Another environmental consequence is air pollution,trucks are the most used method of industrial transportation,and most trucks run on diesel.Burning fossil fuels may releasecarbon-based and nitrogen-based pollutants.

d 换算一下单位即可。

第三题

AP环境科学真题分析：

图表题目，考察 carbon dioxide 和PH之间的关系，知识点涉及 biogeochemical cycle 中的 carbon cycle，包括 fossil fuels, gas exchange between ocean and atmosphere.这些都是讲过的重点内容，没有什么难度。

评分点及参考答案：

a 根据图表来作答，读出相应的数值就可以。

(i) The concentration of CO2 recorded at Mauna Loa in 2005 is 375 ppm.

(ii) The pH recorded at Station ALOHA in 2005 is 8.09.

b 考察大气和海洋之间的二氧化碳关系。考察知识点是空气中的二氧化碳浓度增多，水中的二氧化碳溶解的增加，导致海水更酸，pH降低。

(i) The concentration of CO2 in the ocean will increase.

(ii) The higher concentration of the atmospheric carbon dioxide , the lower pH of ocean water.

(iii)

(iv) Lots of fish would die from the decrease in pH of Earth’s oceans.

c 考察酸性条件对于 marine organism 的影响，考察的知识点是酸能够和 calcium carbonate 反应。

(i) Because lower ocean pH means higher H+ concentration, calcium carbonate couldreact with H+  .Calcium-rich skeletons provide a safe place for certain organism.Ocean acidification, resulting from high carbon dioxide emissions, debilitates corals and shellfish.Certain organisms are threatened by the decreasing pH levels.

(ii) 考察珊瑚礁的生态功能以及人类活动的破坏。Destructive fishing practices can damage or destroy coral communities. Corals live wherewater is shallow and clear enough for sunlight to reach the photosynthetic algae. They can’t survive where high nutrient concentrations or runoff from the land create dense layers of sediments. However, commercial fishing activities may discharge lots of organic chemicals into seawater such as oil.

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