AP地理真题解析 改革后的人文地理这样复习才高效

这个时候 ，复习今年的AP的同学应该逐渐要进入狂刷真题阶段了。本文就和大家一起刷一下2019AP地理真题（FR）与解析，看看如何复习改革后的2021AP地理考试。

AP地理考试介绍

AP人文地理涉及地理、文化、政治、经济等方面，要求考生从专业的角度来了解人与地理之间的各种关系，因此其重点一方面是记忆掌握专业的名词及现象，另一方面是消化理解，需要结合着实例分析阐述专业名词。

AP地理考试时间2小时15分钟，60分钟的选择题（60道），75分钟的简答题（3道）。

AP人文地理的考试内容多而庞杂，涉及知识面广，对文字表达能力有较高的要求，复习难度较大。关键在于彻底掌握所有知识点，尤其是与Political Patterns与Cultural Patterns 相关的理论。

2019 AP地理真题（FR）解析

题

1. In the early twenty-first century, food security is an increasingly important issue in developed countries. Some neighborhoods in United States cities have been characterized as food deserts. Food deserts are areas with little or no access to healthy and affordable food or limited or no access to fresh fruits and vegetables.

A. Describe what kinds of information geographers use to map food deserts.

B. Identify and explain TWO reasons that food deserts exist in urtban areas within devel  

c. Identify and explain ONE impact of living in a food desert.

AP地理真题分析：

这道题目考察的是 agriculture，同时涉及经济和城市发展的方面。这道题目不难，但是涉及专业的名词及其解释，所以需要大家认真读题，另外把题目中的food deserts 跟所学的知识点联系起来就很简单。

评分点及参考答案：

A问是描述的题目，根据题目中的最后一句话来作答即可。(1 point)

Food deserts are areas with little or no access to healthy and affordable food or limited or no access to fresh fruits and vegetables to map food deserts.

B问需要详细的解释两个导致发达国家存在 food deserts 的原因，大家可以从 arable land 减少，population的增加，living standard 的进阶等角度切入，甚至城市周边的 land value 的进阶都是可以的。(4 points)

First reason that food deserts exist in urban areas within developed countries is the loss of fertile, productive farmlands.The conversion of farmlands into housing developments is not confined to areas close to major cities that could become suburbs. Expendable wealth and the desire to have a place to “get away from it all” have led highly productive commercial agricultural areas to be converted into regions for second homes.

Second reason is the growing population.Urban population continues to grow and expendable wealth increases for the wealthiest of the population, they are demanding higher environmental and living standards.The rate of population is growing at a faster speed than agriculture productivity.

C问影响，大家的出发点就可以从题目的中最后一句话入手，health and price ，具体的为稀少就是导致价格的进阶，另外也可以导致身体的不健康。(2 points)

One impact ofliving in a food desert may be healthy problem.Urban food deserts are typically foundin low-income neighborhoods where medium-size and large grocery stores arelargely absent.Consumers in urban food deserts are more likely to purchaseunhealthy foods because these foods are cheaper than fresh fruits andvegetables.

第二题

AP地理真题分析：

这道题目考察的核心章节是大纲的第二章节 population 中的 infant mortality, 同时也涉及了第六章节的 economic development，因为我们也会从infant mortality rate 的角度来衡量发展。

评分点及参考答案：

A问就很简单，根据地图来作答就可以，但是需要注意南亚是包括了印度、尼泊尔等区域，答出主要的婴儿死亡率的范围即可。(1 point)

South Asia has an infant mortality rate of 30 to 59.

Western Europe has an infant mortality rate of 2 to 14.

B问涉及西欧发达国家婴儿死亡率低的原因，而且注意要从经济的角度来分析，这道题目比较简单，比如 welfare，sanitation，medicine，technology，甚至女性地位以及受教育等多方面都是可以的，大家详细展开阐述就可以了。(2 points)

One economic reason for the low level of infant mortality rates in western Europe is modern hospitals.Lower IMRs are found in countries with well-trained doctors and nurses, large supplies of medicine.

Another economic reason is that people in western Europe receive adequate levels of income.According to demographic transition model, western European countries are instage four or five, tertiary society. These people have some skill or experience that makes them of value to the society, so they could afford themselves.

C问需要仔细审题，是联合国从素质教育、提供干净的水源和卫生条件这两个方面来改善南亚的婴儿死亡率。所以第一个方面素质教育方面更多考虑的是女性，比如进阶文化水平、普及生育健康知识等，同时还可以从教育未成年的角度出发。第二个方面干净的饮用水和卫生条件，可以考虑到干净的水、干净的食物、疾病的预防、控制疾病的传播。(4 points)

1.In the past sveral decades, government-sponsored family-planning programs in India have emphasized education, including advertisements on national radio and TV networksand information distributed through local health centers. Still, the dominant form continues to be sterilization of women, though in many cases after the women have already borne several children.

2.Improved sanitation and nutrition reduced the spread of infectious diseases. With the development of economy, sewers carry waste water from sinks, bathtubs, and toilets to a municipal treatment plant, where most—but not all—of the pollutants are removed. The drinking water could be adequately treated ,fewer newborn children dying of disease and malnutrition.

第三题

AP地理真题分析：

这一道题目考察的是大纲第四章节政治的问题  devolution，然而政治的问题又离不开政治和经济，所以这道题目需要我们基于政治利用地理、文化、经济来分析作答。同时这道题目的第三问需要结合具体国家的例子来分析，有一定区分度。

评分点及参考答案：

A问就是非常典型的题目——定义题，这类题目能够答出核心的要点比如权力的下放即可。(1 point)

Devolution is the movement of power “downwards” from the central government to regional governments within the state.

B问相对来说比较综合，需要分别从文化、经济、地理方面来阐述导致 devolution的原因。所以文化方面考察第三章节culture，大家的出发点就可以从 language、religion、ethnicity 这三个典型的方面。Economic 方面通常比较简单，大的方面就是农业和工业，具体作答的时候可以从发展不平衡，economic sector等具体分析。Physical geography考察的是physical boundaries and state morphology，结合地形和国家的领土大小形状来分析即可。(3 points)

1.The capacity of ethnocultural forces to stimulate devolutionary processes has been evident.The communist government of China has pragmatically, and in many cases relatively successfully, integrated 56 ethnic nations into the state of China. China has acknowledged the precarious place of the minority nations within the larger Han-dominated state by extending rights to minorities, including the right to have two children underthe government’s one-child policy.

2.Economic forces have also fostered devolutionary pressures in Spain.Barcelona is a port city in Catalonia, nearly 70 percent of all Spanish exports pass through the region. Once the heart of afar-flung Mediterranean empire, Barcelona went on to become a center of commerce and banking as the Iberian Peninsula industrialized. Devolutionary forces argue that Catalonia’s economy pays more into the Spanish government than it receives from the state of Spain.

3.Territorial characteristics can play a significant role in starting and sustaining devolutionary processes. Distance can be compounded by differences in physical geography—a feeling of remoteness can be fueled by being isolated in a valley or separated by mountains or a river.Basic physical geographic and locational factors can thus be key ingredients in the devolutionary process.

C问认真读题，考察的是政治影响，但是要从文化的方面分析，可以考虑 centrifugal and centripetal force。(2 points)

Ethnocultural fragmentation has produced costly wars. Nigeria,provides an example of the tensions that can arise from the presence of many speakers of many languages.Nigeria has hundreds of distinct languages, but only 3 are used by more than 10 percent of the country’s population.Groups living in different regions of Nigeria have often battled. The southern people attempted to secede from Nigeria during the 1960s. To reduce these regional tensions, the government has moved the capital to the center of the country.

注意：答案不局限于上面所给的方面，符合题目要求并言之有理的都属于正确的答案。

AP地理真题改革解析   

2019年后年开始人文地理会出现较明显的变化

✦ 选择题的数量由之前的75题变为60题，时间仍然是60min。

✦ 选择题会增加地图、资料、数据分析的题目

✦ FRQ更加倾向于学员的综合分析能力，要求“利用图表、信息、地图来描述、解释、应用地理数据”

✦ FRQ每道题目由之前的3-4个小问变为7个小问题，每道题目明确为7points。

总的来看，知识点更加系统、更加清晰，进一步要求大家能够利用地理数据来分析地理现象。

今天的AP地理真题解析就到这里。受疫情影响，2020年的AP考试并没有按原计划进行，所以今年的AP将是新考纲实施后的第一次完整AP考试。如果你还不知道如何针对性复习，害怕多走弯路——点击预约试听【唯寻AP复习冲刺班】，唯寻教学天团授课，线上、线下任意选择，精准解决各种类型、各种程度的学员的个性问题，对历年真题进行深入分析和针对性训练，高效梳理重要考点，启发国际课程思维，书写一份疫情下底气满满的标化成绩。

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