上海诺美学校期中考试小结，解说“粗心” Summary of midterm exam - carelessness

转眼间，半学期过去了，诺美学子也完成了本学期的期中考试。期中考试作为一个阶段性的检测，不仅可以检验前半学期的学习效果，也可以为接下来的学习做一个铺垫。没有考好的主要原因当然是平时课程没有学习扎实，但是考后老师们总能听到一种说法：“这次考试我太粗心了，其实许多题我都会做，这些分是不应该丢的。”真的仅仅是粗心吗？其实不然，那又是什么原因导致失误了呢？

Time flies, half a semester has passed, students in NAIS have finished their midterm exam. As a phased test, the midterm exam cannot only check the academic progress of the first half of the semester, but also lay a foundation for future study plans. Of course, the main reason for not doing well is not learning well, but after the exam, teachers always hear a saying: “I am too careless in this exam, in fact, I can do most questions and many points should not have been lost”. Is it really just carelessness? Actually not, then what are the underlying reasons?

粗心大意与心理压力相关

Carelessness is associated with psychological stress

根据耶克斯-多德逊定律，动机强度和工作效率之间呈倒U型曲线。面对高难度的任务时，中等强度的动机最有利于任务的完成，也就是说，动机强度处于中等水平时，工作效率最高，一旦动机强度超过这个水平，对工作效率反而产生一定的阻碍作用。因此学生需要调整动机水平，即心理压力。动力不足和过强动机都不会给学习带来良好的效应。

According to Yerkes–Dodson’s law, there is an inverted U-shaped curve between motivational intensity and work efficiency. In the face of difficult tasks, medium-intensity motivation is most beneficial to the completion of the task, that is, when the motivation is medium, the work efficiency is the highest. Once the motivation intensity exceeds this level, it will have acertain hindrance to work efficiency. Therefore, students need to adjust the level of motivation, i.e. the psychological stress. In adequate motivation and overstimulation motivation both will not bring good results.

粗心是因为知识的熟练度不够

Carelessness is due to the lack of proficiency inknowledge

想象一个场景：一个跳水运动员要参加半年后的比赛，他了解基本动作，并且训练了一段时间。训练时有一两次动作非常标准，也有几次动作出现失误，不过他认为自己比赛时一定能完美完成动作。比赛很快到了，他站在跳台上很紧张，导致出现失误。离开赛场时他说：“唉，这次失败主要是因为我太紧张了。”听了这个故事，你会怎么想？估计你会喊起来：“他练得太少了！当然会失误！”作业或者考试也一样，失误的主要原因是练习得太少了，基本概念不清楚不够熟练，或者不能举一反三，导致准确率低。

Imagine a scene where a diver wants to participate in a game after half a year. He understands the basic movements and has practiced several times. There are one or two standards in training, and there are several mistakes, but he thinks he can do it in the competition. The diving event comes soon. He is very nervous on the platform and the result is of course a fault. When he left the stadium, he said, "Oh, I failed, mainly because I was too nervous." What do you think of this story? I guess you will shout: “he has practiced too little! Of course mistakes!” Homework or exams are the same. The main reasons for the mistakes are too little practice, unclear basic concepts, or not enough proficiency, resulting in low accuracy.

粗心大意是因为概念含糊不清

Carelessness is due to vague concepts

有时，看似简单的疏忽是一种概念上的错误。例如，有孩子认为，‘0+6=0’，‘0-6=0’，‘0×6 = 0’，‘0/6= 0’。当你指出他的错误时，他的解释是0是什么都没有，所以任何数与0加减乘除都等于0。错误的原因是孩子没有深刻理解加减乘除的含义。又例如，当要求计算半圆的周长时，有的学生只知道计算弧的长度，而忽略弦的长度。这不是他疏忽，而是因为他不理解周界的概念，他不知道圆周应该是一条封闭的曲线。因此，需要正确地认识错误的原因，不要让粗心的表象掩盖了问题的真相，从而错过了深度学习的机会。

Sometimes, seemingly simple carelessness is aconceptual error. For example, a child's homework is written in this way, ‘0 add 6=0’ ‘0 minus 6=0’'0 multiplied by 6 = 0', '0 divided by 6= 0’. When you point out his error, his explanation is that 0 is nothing, so the result of any number add or minus or multiplied by or divided by zero is zero. The reason for the error is that the student does not profoundly comprehend the meaning of multiplication and division. Another example, when it is required to calculate the circumference of a semicircle, student may only calculate the length of the arcand lose the length of the string. It's not that he was negligent, but is he didn't understand the concept of the perimeter, and he didn't know that the circumference should be a closed curve. Therefore, students need to correctly understand the causes of errors, and do not let careless appearance covers up the truth of the problem, thus missing the opportunity of in-depth learning.

粗心大意与生活习惯有关

Carelessness is related to personality andlifestyle

粗心的孩子在写家庭作业时甚至在考试时不注意细节，不会在完成作业和考题后进行检查，因为他们已经习惯接受外界的帮助。他们的作业经常由老师或家长检查，甚至没有检查，所以许多孩子在平时学习中养成了粗心大意的坏习惯，也没有形成及时检查和纠正的好习惯。

Careless children don't pay attention when doing homework or even exams, and they don't check after finishing because they are used to getting help from the outside world. Many children have already formed carelessness in their studies at ordinary times. This is mainly because they do the homework with the checking of teachers or parents, or even with no check, as a result, a good habit of timely inspection and correction is not formed.

对电子产品的依赖也让某些同学无法集中精力完成一项作业或者考试。设想一个学生正在玩电子产品，而此时一位老师刚好走到其身旁。这时，孩子肯定会条件反射做出假装学习的表象，但由于他心思不在学习上，所以他完成的作业会错误百出。在家庭生活中，父母应该避免在孩子学习的时候，将电视声音开得太大，也不要打麻将或打牌，这些行为会干扰到孩子的注意力，使得孩子无法专心学习，时间长了孩子就容易养成学习不能专心致志的坏习惯。 因此，粗心的学生需要合理安排学习和休闲时间，玩乐时要舒心畅快，学习时则要专心致志。

The reliance on electronic products also makes it impossible for some students to concentrate on completing an assignment or exam. Imagine that when a student is playing with electronic products, and a teacher is just walking to his side. At that time, the child will certainly make a learning appearance for the conditioned reflex, but because he does not deliberately study, he will be absent-minded, and hence the assignments he submits will be full of mistakes. Moreover, parents should avoid making TV sounds too loud, and avoid playing mahjong or cards when their children are studying. Because the attention of children are susceptible to interference, these behaviors can only let the munable to concentrate on learning, which can easily lead to bad habits. Therefore, careless students need to arrange their study time and leisure time reasonably, be happy when you play, and be concentrated when you study.

一个班的学生个性总是很不一样的。有的是大胆的，有的是谨慎的；有的是随心所欲，有的是有条不紊的; 有的是悲观的，有的是温和而平静的。大胆的孩子、随心所欲的孩子和悲观的孩子往往比谨慎的孩子、有条不紊的孩子和温和而平静的孩子更容易粗心大意。说明非智力因素也会对认知活动产生影响。比如，一个孩子的房间总是乱七八糟，他的作业本常常潦潦草草，那么当他参加考试时，他很有可能因为粗心而失分。

Students in a class are always very different. Some are bold, some are cautious; some are on a whim, some are methodical; some are sad, some are mild and calm. The former is likely more prone to carelessness than the latter. Because non-intellectual factors have impact on cognitive activities. For instance, a child's room is always a messy, and his workbooks are often scrawled and undisciplined. When he takes the test, he is likely to lose points because of carelessness.

因此，此类粗心的孩子需要从生活出发，培养良好的生活习惯和个性。尝试让孩子整理衣柜，抽屉和房间，养成有条不紊的生活习惯。帮助孩子制定合理的时间表，并监督孩子有计划地实现既定目标。此外，和谐民主的家庭氛围可以培养孩子快乐平和的心情和细致稳重的品格。这要求家长和老师对孩子要有足够的耐心。通过这些生活细节的培养，孩子的不良行为和坏习惯就可以逐渐被改变。相应地，随着时间的累积，孩子的粗心也将逐渐减少。

Therefore, such careless children need to start from life and cultivate good living habits and personality. Try to organize wardrobes, drawers and rooms to make life organized. Work out a reasonable schedule and move towards the established goal in a planned way. In addition, a harmonious and democratic family atmosphere can cultivate children's happy and peaceful mood, careful and steady character. This requires parents and teachers to have enough patience. In this way, children's behavior and habits can be gradually changed. Accordingly, children's carelessness will gradually decrease with the accumulation of time.